Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) of a Simple Pendulum Essay Example for Free

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) of a Simple Pendulum Essay Objectives: To study the simple harmonic motion (SHM) of a simple pendulum and to investigate the phase relationship between the displacement, velocity and acceleration, and to investigate how acceleration is related to displacement in a simple harmonic motion. Apparatus: * half metre rule * a light string * pendulum bob * video camera with tripod stand * computer with Motion Video Analysis (MVA) software and Microsoft Excel installed Experimental design: Fig. 0 Theory: For an object or mass moving in a simple harmonic motion, the displacement, velocity and acceleration change periodically in both magnitude and direction. The acceleration in particular is always proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium position and must always be directed towards the equilibrium point. Mathematically it can be expressed as a = -kx, where k is a constant and x is the displacement from the equilibrium point. Also for a simple harmonic oscillation, the period or frequency of oscillation is independent of the amplitude of the motion. In Figure 1, x is the displacement of the pendulum bob from the equilibrium point Q. Points P and R are points where the maximum displacement (amplitude A) can be obtained. Theoretically, the following equations are true for S.H.M.: When the motion starts at the equilibrium position (point Q) x = A sin ?t where ? is angular velocity v = ? A cos ?t a = ?2A sin ?t Period T = 2 ? / ? Fig. 1 When the motion starts at the position where the amplitude is obtained (point P or R) x = A cos ?t where ? is angular velocity v = ? A sin ?t a = ?2A cos ?t Period T = 2 ? / ? In theory, the displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs should be in a sine or cosine curve. Moreover, the velocity graph should lead the displacement by a quarter of the cycle (? = 90à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½), and the acceleration graph should lead the velocity by also a quarter of the cycle. This can be illustrated by the fig. 2(a), (b) and (c). Fig. 2(a): Graph of displacement x against time (Suppose the motion starts at the point where lower amplitude is obtained) Fig. 2(b): Graph of velocity v against time Fig.2(c): Graph of acceleration a against time Procedure: 1. The set-up was assembled in the following procedures: (a) One end of the spring is clamped firmly on the stand. (b) The ringed mass was attached to the other end of the spring. (c) A half-metre rule was clamped on the stand beside the spring and mass such that the top of the half-metre rule corresponds to the top of the spring. (Refer to Fig. 0) (d) The equilibrium position was marked by a sticker. 2. Take readings by using the apparatus in the following procedures: (a) Student holding the white foam board (Student A) (i) Hold the white foam board behind the set up so that the movement of the spring system is not disturbed by any other backgrounds. (b) Student conducting the experiment (Student B) (i) Stand beside the set up. Make sure that the spring system at equilibrium is in a steady and stable condition. (ii) When the video taking was on, pull down the spring some distance (e.g. about 5 cm) and set the spring moving. (iii) Make sure the spring is mostly moving in a vertical direction and not swinging to and fro. (iv) After a few oscillations, ask student C to stop the video. (c) Student conducting the video-taking (Student C) (i) Set up the video camera and fix it on the tripod stand firmly. (ii) Adjust the position of the camera so that the spring system and the movement of the spring is shown clearly. (iii) Watch out for Student B to start or stop the video-taking. 3. Convert the video into suitable format. 4. Use the MVA software to record the positions and times for 2 complete oscillations of the mass. Save the project and export the data to a text file. 5. Use Microsoft Excel to open the exported files and plot the graphs for displacement, velocity and acceleration against time respectively. Also plot a graph of acceleration against time. Results and Measurements: (Copied from the data of MVA software) Values of velocity is found by the equation: (x2-x1)/(t2/t1), whereas x1=-7.54E-02 x2= -4.08E-02, t1=0.00E+00 ,t2=6.67E-02 Values of acceleration is found by the equation: (v2-v1)/(t2-t1) Whereas v1= -1.30E-02,v2= 5.20E-01, t1=0.00E+00 ,t2=6.67E-02 E+00= 100=1; E-01=10-1; E-02=10-2 E-03=10-3 (See the bolded ones as reference) BR/-Index Time(s) x-coordinate (displacement in x-direction)/m y-coordinate (displacement in y-direction)/m Velocity(v)/ms-1 Acceleration(a)ms-2 BR /0.00E+00 -5.80E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 BR /1.00E+00 0.00E+00 -7.54E-02 1.02E-02 -1.30E-02 BR /2.00E+00 6.67E-02 -4.08E-02 0.00E+00 5.20E-01 7.99E+00 BR /3.00E+00 1.33E-01 -1.63E-02 0.00E+00 3.67E-01 -2.29E+00 BR /4.00E+00 2.00E-01 1.43E-02 -2.04E-03 4.59E-01 1.38E+00 BR /5.00E+00 2.67E-01 3.87E-02 -4.08E-03 3.67E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /6.00E+00 3.33E-01 6.73E-02 -4.08E-03 4.28E-01 9.17E-01 BR /7.00E+00 4.00E-01 8.97E-02 -4.08E-03 3.36E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /8.00E+00 4.67E-01 1.08E-01 -8.15E-03 2.75E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /9.00E+00 5.33E-01 1.30E-01 -4.08E-03 3.36E-01 9.17E-01 BR /1.00E+01 6.00E-01 1.45E-01 -6.11E-03 2.14E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /1.10E+01 6.67E-01 1.57E-01 -6.11E-03 1.83E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /1.20E+01 7.33E-01 1.57E-01 -8.15E-03 0.00E+00 -2.75E+00 BR /1.30E+01 8.00E-01 1.63E-01 -1.02E-02 9.17E-02 1.38E+00 BR /1.40E+01 8.67E-01 1.57E-01 -1.02E-02 -9.17E-02 -2.75E+00 BR /1.50E+01 9.33E-01 1.53E-01 -1.02E-02 -6.11E-02 4.59E-01 BR /1.60E+01 1.00E+00 1.39E-01 -1.02E-02 -2.14E-01 -2.29E+00 BR /1.70E+01 1.07E+00 1.22E-01 -8.15E-03 -2.45E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /1.80E+01 1.13E+00 1.04E-01 -1.02E-02 -2.75E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /1.90E+01 1.20E+00 8.56E-02 -6.11E-03 -2.75E-01 6.64E-06 BR /2.00E+01 1.27E+00 6.11E-02 -2.04E-03 -3.67E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /2.10E+01 1.33E+00 3.87E-02 2.04E-03 -3.36E-01 4.59E-01 BR /2.20E+01 1.40E+00 8.15E-03 -2.04E-03 -4.59E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /2.30E+01 1.47E+00 -1.63E-02 0.00E+00 -3.67E-01 1.38E+00 BR /2.40E+01 1.53E+00 -4.69E-02 2.04E-03 -4.59E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /2.50E+01 1.60E+00 -8.36E-02 8.15E-03 -5.50E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /2.60E+01 1.67E+00 -1.08E-01 1.43E-02 -3.67E-01 2.75E+00 BR /2.70E+01 1.73E+00 -1.32E-01 1.63E-02 -3.67E-01 -7.58E-06 BR /2.80E+01 1.80E+00 -1.59E-01 1.63E-02 -3.97E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /2.90E+01 1.87E+00 -1.81E-01 1.83E-02 -3.36E-01 9.17E-01 BR /3.00E+01 1.93E+00 -2.02E-01 2.04E-02 -3.06E-01 4.59E-01 BR /3.10E+01 2.00E+00 -2.26E-01 2.65E-02 -3.67E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /3.20E+01 2.07E+00 -2.41E-01 2.85E-02 -2.14E-01 2.29E+00 BR /3.30E+01 2.13E+00 -2.47E-01 2.85E-02 -9.17E-02 1.83E+00 BR /3.40E+01 2.20E+00 -2.59E-01 3.06E-02 -1.83E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /3.50E+01 2.27E+00 -2.65E-01 3.06E-02 -9.17E-02 1.38E+00 BR /3.60E+01 2.33E+00 -2.71E-01 3.06E-02 -9.17E-02 1.86E-07 BR /3.70E+01 2.40E+00 -2.55E-01 3.06E-02 2.45E-01 5.04E+00 BR /3.80E+01 2.47E+00 -2.43E-01 2.85E-02 1.83E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /3.90E+01 2.53E+00 -2.32E-01 2.85E-02 1.53E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /4.00E+01 2.60E+00 -2.20E-01 2.65E-02 1.83E-01 4.59E-01 BR /4.10E+01 2.67E+00 -1.98E-01 2.45E-02 3.36E-01 2.29E+00 BR /4.20E+01 2.73E+00 -1.79E-01 2.24E-02 2.75E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /4.30E+01 2.80E+00 -1.57E-01 2.24E-02 3.36E-01 9.17E-01 BR /4.40E+01 2.87E+00 -1.30E-01 1.83E-02 3.97E-01 9.17E-01 BR /4.50E+01 2.93E+00 -1.06E-01 1.22E-02 3.67E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /4.60E+01 3.00E+00 -8.36E-02 1.02E-02 3.36E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /4.70E+01 3.07E+00 -4.28E-02 6.11E-03 6.11E-01 4.13E+00 BR /4.80E+01 3.13E+00 -1.83E-02 6.11E-03 3.67E-01 -3.67E+00 BR /4.90E+01 3.20E+00 1.43E-02 4.08E-03 4.89E-01 1.83E+00 BR /5.00E+01 3.27E+00 3.87E-02 2.04E-03 3.67E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /5.10E+01 3.33E+00 6.93E-02 -4.08E-03 4.59E-01 1.38E+00 BR /5.20E+01 3.40E+00 9.17E-02 -2.04E-03 3.36E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /5.30E+01 3.47E+00 1.14E-01 -2.04E-03 3.36E-01 9.00E-07 BR /5.40E+01 3.53E+00 1.32E-01 -2.04E-03 2.75E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /5.50E+01 3.60E+00 1.43E-01 -4.08E-03 1.53E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /5.60E+01 3.67E+00 1.53E-01 -4.08E-03 1.53E-01 2.12E-14 BR /5.70E+01 3.73E+00 1.63E-01 -4.08E-03 1.53E-01 1.19E-06 BR /5.80E+01 3.80E+00 1.55E-01 -4.08E-03 -1.22E-01 -4.13E+00 BR /5.90E+01 3.87E+00 1.47E-01 -4.08E-03 -1.22E-01 1.21E-14 BR /6.00E+01 3.93E+00 1.41E-01 -6.11E-03 -9.17E-02 4.59E-01 BR /6.10E+01 4.00E+00 1.35E-01 -6.11E-03 -9.17E-02 -1.86E-07 BR /6.20E+01 4.07E+00 1.26E-01 -6.11E-03 -1.22E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /6.30E+01 4.13E+00 1.08E-01 0.00E+00 -2.75E-01 -2.29E+00 BR /6.40E+01 4.20E+00 8.56E-02 -4.08E-03 -3.36E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /6.50E+01 4.27E+00 6.11E-02 -4.08E-03 -3.67E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /6.60E+01 4.33E+00 3.26E-02 -2.04E-03 -4.28E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /6.70E+01 4.40E+00 6.11E-03 2.04E-03 -3.97E-01 4.59E-01 BR /6.80E+01 4.47E+00 -2.65E-02 2.04E-03 -4.89E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /6.90E+01 4.53E+00 -5.30E-02 8.15E-03 -3.97E-01 1.38E+00 BR /7.00E+01 4.60E+00 -8.36E-02 8.15E-03 -4.59E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /7.10E+01 4.67E+00 -1.10E-01 8.15E-03 -3.97E-01 9.17E-01 BR /7.20E+01 4.73E+00 -1.43E-01 1.83E-02 -4.89E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /7.30E+01 4.80E+00 -1.59E-01 1.43E-02 -2.45E-01 3.67E+00 BR /7.40E+01 4.87E+00 -1.88E-01 2.04E-02 -4.28E-01 -2.75E+00 BR /7.50E+01 4.93E+00 -2.06E-01 2.04E-02 -2.75E-01 2.29E+00 BR /7.60E+01 5.00E+00 -2.16E-01 2.04E-02 -1.53E-01 1.83E+00 BR /7.70E+01 5.07E+00 -2.38E-01 2.65E-02 -3.36E-01 -2.75E+00 BR /7.80E+01 5.13E+00 -2.49E-01 2.85E-02 -1.53E-01 2.75E+00 BR /7.90E+01 5.20E+00 -2.55E-01 2.85E-02 -9.17E-02 9.17E-01 BR /8.00E+01 5.27E+00 -2.59E-01 2.85E-02 -6.11E-02 4.59E-01 BR /8.10E+01 5.33E+00 -2.57E-01 2.85E-02 3.06E-02 1.38E+00 BR /8.20E+01 5.40E+00 -2.51E-01 2.85E-02 9.17E-02 9.17E-01 BR /8.30E+01 5.47E+00 -2.43E-01 3.06E-02 1.22E-01 4.59E-01 BR /8.40E+01 5.53E+00 -2.30E-01 2.65E-02 1.83E-01 9.17E-01 BR /8.50E+01 5.60E+00 -2.16E-01 2.65E-02 2.14E-01 4.59E-01 BR /8.60E+01 5.67E+00 -1.96E-01 2.65E-02 3.06E-01 1.38E+00 BR /8.70E+01 5.73E+00 -1.71E-01 2.24E-02 3.67E-01 9.17E-01 BR /8.80E+01 5.80E+00 -1.63E-01 2.04E-02 1.22E-01 -3.67E+00 BR /8.90E+01 5.87E+00 -1.22E-01 1.63E-02 6.11E-01 7.34E+00 BR /9.00E+01 5.93E+00 -9.78E-02 1.22E-02 3.67E-01 -3.67E+00 Experimental results in graphical representation: Analysis: (a) Shape of displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs From the experimental results and the graphs plotted above, it appears clearly that the displacement-time, velocity-time are in the form of sine and cosine curves respectively. For acceleration-time, due to errors in marking, may not appear as clear as sine curves. It can be seen more clearly after drawing a trend line. (b) Value of amplitude A and ? it can be read from the graph of x against time that the amplitude is within the range of 0.15-0.25m. Also, read from the graph, ?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.0s (c) The phase relationship between the displacement, velocity and acceleration By comparing the graphs of displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time, it can be seen that the velocity leads the displacement by a quarter of the cycle, and the acceleration leads the velocity also by a quarter of the cycle. (d) The relationship between acceleration and displacement in a simple harmonic motion From the graph of acceleration against displacement x, the points tend to form a straight line going through the origin with a negative slope. It can be deduced that acceleration is directly proportional to displacement in a simple harmonic motion and is in an opposite direction to x. Error and Accuracy: Errors Systematic Error Random Error The motion of the spring system is not entirely vertical. The half-metre rule is not clamped vertically. The origin is not marked very accurately in the MVA software. The two ends of the half-metre rule are not marked accurately in the MVA software. The position of mass marked for each time interval may not be the same for all time intervals. There may be a damping effect by air resistance. The spring may not be perfectly elastic (1) The motion of the spring system is not entirely vertical No matter how carefully we set the motion off, the spring may not be moving vertically all throughout the motion. It may swing to and fro instead, hence the motion may not be entirely a simple harmonic motion, causing deviations in displacement obtained. (2) The half-metre rule is not clamped vertically The half-metre rule is not entirely vertical, so the marked points on the MVA software do not indicate an actual distance of 0.5 m. As the MVA software requires the setting of the end points of the half-metre rule as a reference to locate the displacement, the displacement at each time interval does not reflect the true value of the displacement. (3) The origin is not marked very accurately in the MVA software The inaccuracy of the centre of mass marked in the MVA software will result in the shifting up or down of the graphs of displacement, velocity and acceleration against time. (4) The two ends of the half-metre rule are not marked accurately in the MVA software As the two ends of the half-metre rule may not be marked accurately in the MVA software, the distance marked may not be exactly 0.5 m. Same as error (2), as the MVA software requires the setting of the end points of the half-metre rule as a reference to locate the displacement, the displacement at each time interval does not reflect the true value of the displacement. (5) The position of mass marked for each time interval may not be the same for all time intervals It is difficult to locate the mass at the same position for each time interval, therefore the displacement obtained is not accurate for each time interval. (6) There may be a damping effect by air resistance Air resistance exists, hence a damping force acts on the mass in motion, resulting in smaller and smaller amplitude obtained and also causing deviations in displacement. (7) The spring may not be perfectly elastic As the spring provided may not be perfect, the whole motion may not be entirely a simple harmonic motion. The graphs obtained from the experimental results may not truly reflect the characteristics of a simple harmonic motion. Conclusion The velocity leads the displacement by a quarter of the cycle, and the acceleration leads the velocity also by a quarter of the cycle. Also, the acceleration is directly proportional to displacement in a simple harmonic motion and is in an opposite direction to x. Possible improvements of the experiment 1. A heavier mass could be used to obtain a smoother motion. 2. If possible, more trials can be done to average out the random errors and obtain a better result.

Is He Good Or Is He Bad? :: essays research papers

"Is He Good or Is He Bad?" In Macbeth, William Shakespeare portrays a particular kind of evil. As the character of Macbeth grows into darkness, he searches for more power. Every time Macbeth completes a battle for power, he lusts for more. In Act I, the witches state, "Fair is foul, and foul is fair." This foreshadows the disorder and moral darkness in which Macbeth will plunge himself. Macbeth begins with a bright light of what he wants in his life; later on, he is persuaded by his wife and the witches to yearn for more power. Macbeth turns from an essentially good character toward evil by giving into: his need for power, his insecurities about his relationship with his wife, and vengeance. First of all, Macbeth is easily persuaded into the idea of being king. The witches previously told the truth of Macbeth becoming Thane of Cawdor, now why not move forward and become king. Yet, he knows the only way to become king is to have Duncan die first. In the beginning of Act I, Macbeth is satisfied with his status of living. He doesn't yearn for more, but it is implanted in his head that he wants more. In Act I, Scene IV Macbeth takes one giant step towards evil. He states, "Stars, hide your fires; / Let not light see my black and deep desires." He tries not to express his desires for he knows they are wrong. Macbeth rather hide what he wants then to do harm against others. Before returning home, Macbeth writes a letter to his wife telling her of all the predictions made by the witches. Lady Macbeth definitely wants her husband to be king for selfish reasons. She knows that Macbeth will not cheat to get anything even if he wants something badly, so she Stipanov 2 drills in his head that she will leave him if he doesn't kill Duncan. Within Act I, Scene IV, Lady Macbeth states, "Come, thick night, / And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell." In other words, if Macbeth takes a giant step towards evil, Lady Macbeth makes an even greater leap. Once Macbeth returns home, Lady Macbeth takes charge and starts making plans for Duncan's murder immediately. Even when Macbeth tells his wife he cannot go through with the murder, she begins to mock him and tells him that he is a coward.

Powers of police Essay

Polo Games limited was initially involved in manufacture and sale of electronic typewriters changed its product line and started developing and manufacturing hand held computer games and devices. From the scenario of this company it comes out clearly that the company was involved fraudulent and counterfeiting practices and as such it was suspected of having committed a crime. The police came to the business premises one day to search, arrest and seize suspected counterfeit materials used in the fraudulent activities. Police have the powers conferred up on them to do the search and make arrests. Such powers are outlined hereunder: Police and other government authorities have been conferred some powers to arrest, search and even seize property. These powers are available for use by such authorities only in the given circumstances and conditions. For instance the power to search a person for anything is allowed when the person can cover up evidence relating to an offence, or anything which might enable the person to escape from unlawful custody. Other reason or conditions is to search to an extent which is reasonably required to get the required evidence (http://www.11kbw.co.uk/html/articles/policepowers.html, assessed on April 1, 2008). Police have powers conferred to them that enable them to enter and search premises. These powers of entry and search states that: power to enter and search a premise in which a suspected person is hiding; the power only applies to the extent that the police man has reasonable grounds to in believing that there is evidence in the premises. Section 18 of the EPA (Emergency Provisions Act 1996) gives the police power particularly the cop who is the rank of inspector to gain entry into premises occupied by a person under arrest. The inspector in this case should have sufficient belief that there is some evidence in the premises. When such an officer gets into the premises they are covered by the power conferred to them to seize any materials which are suspicious or can be used as evidence in court. This power is deemed critical in cases where it is assumed that some delay may lead to destruction of evidence by the suspected person. Section 17 of the EPA also mandates the police to enter into premises of suspected people in order to execute a warrant of arrest or arrest a person who has committed an arrestable offence. Other reasons for entry and search could involve the capturing of a person who has escaped from the police custody. Such person could have had committed a business related offence. Also in the context of business, police enters or force their way into a premise when there is anticipated damage of the property or evidence. There is section 19 of the EPA which mandates the police officers to enter premises and seize all things obtained through commission of crimes or which act as evidence related to crime.   Police also have power to seize property where there is evidence that it relates to given offence. The basis of this is to prevent the suspect from concealing, losing, altering or destroying the evidence.   Police officers have powers to arrest any person whom they have sufficient evidence or reasonable ground to suspect as having committed or is about to commit crime. To enter business premises, police normally have to obtain warrant from Justice of Peace. The Justice of Peace only grants such warrants when fully convinced that there is sufficient strength of the offence committed. Police seeking such warrants must specify reasons for the search and the things or items to be looked for. Reference: Police powers of search and seizure, available at: http://www.11kbw.co.uk/html/articles/policepowers.html, assessed on April 1, 2008

Modern tragic hero Essay

Aristotle defines a tragedy as a â€Å"form of drama defined by seriousness and dignity and involving a great person who experiences a reversal of fortune†. This ‘great’ person is normally held in high regard and possesses a tragic or fatal flaw which contributes to the reversal of fortune. The character must pass through suffering and trials in which they are brought to their limit and, eventually, the character realises their mistake or flaw, and develops as a result of this. Unfortunately, the development invariably comes too late, and the tragedy ends in the character’s death. According to Aristotle, a tragedy must induce fear and pity in the audience. Watching a person held in high regard fall leaves the audience wondering if a single mistake could really lead to such a drastic turn of events. The Crucible was written at a time when Miller was summoned to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee. During the 1940s and early 1950s, the fear of communist sympathisers became so great that under Senator Joseph McCarthy, the committee became paranoid in its search for possible communists. As this was happening, Miller began seeing parallels between the actions of the committee and the witchcraft trials in Salem two hundred years ago: â€Å"What was manifestly parallel was the guilt, two centuries apart, of holding illicit, suppressed feelings of alienation and hostility toward standard, daylight society†. The possession of lists pertaining to possible offenders is a particular link, and Miller fashioned The Crucible around both the events of his time and the Salem witch trials. Miller wrote the play for modern audiences and while John Proctor’s path is similar to the one defined by Aristotle, there are a number of differences. John Proctor is described as blunt and honest: â€Å"He had a sharp and biting way with hypocrites,† He has a rebellious spirit which leads him to be impulsive and rash on occasions. An example of this is when Parris mentions a faction. Proctor in jest says, â€Å"Then I must find it and join it†. This behaviour typical to Proctor differs a great deal from the repressive norm of the time. His behaviour also leads him to trouble later in the play, as others do not appreciate his more liberal thinking. â€Å"In Proctor’s presence a fool felt his foolishness instantly-and a Proctor is always marked for calumny therefore. † As a result of his sometimes rebellious attitude, he puts himself in a dangerous position when the hysteria elevates. Proctor is principled and a man of conviction. His refusal to go to church is not motivated by laziness but by a dislike of how Parris runs it. Miller also says that he came to, â€Å"regard himself as a kind of fraud†. Proctor understands that he is not the perfect Christian that he appears to be, and while he remains respected in the village, he himself feels undeserving of such respect because of the sins he has committed. As such, his fear of public humiliation is so great that he is reluctant to act when Elizabeth urges him. To Proctor, the risk of Abigail revealing his sins is too great. Proctor is very weak willed at the start of the play, which highlights his vulnerabilities as a human being while making his change all the more pronounced. He lacks moral courage and strength: strength to do what is right and courage to act, despite the risks on his own reputation. In his actions toward Elizabeth, we see he is loyal and caring. Even though he strayed from his vows, he seeks forgiveness more than anything else and puts off Abigail’s advances, â€Å"I will cut off my hand before I reach for you again. † He is protective of his wife’s feelings, and tries to spare them by deceiving through omission. This is demonstrated when Proctor leaves out that he was alone with Abigail for a moment. However, when Elizabeth finds out about it, she is hurt that he lied, and suspicious of his reasons for doing so. Through this deception, Proctor is inadvertently protecting his own insecurities which, while seemingly non existent to the outside world, he displays in private when with Elizabeth. Proctor lacks confidence in regard to his wife. He feels that he is trying hard to gain her trust but is not getting any response from her: â€Å"On Saturday let you come with me, and we’ll walk the farm together. † This is an obvious attempt to do something romantic with his wife, but Elizabeth is less than enthusiastic. Their inability to face up to their problems and the habit of tip toeing around sensitive subjects prevents the forgiveness that he so craves and keeps their relationship tense. With regard to moral courage, Proctor’s fear of humiliation makes him indecisive, as the only way to stop Abigail’s lies is to hurt her. Here he shows his flaws. He doesn’t want Abigail to reveal their affair. He doesn’t want to hurt her because of his affection and while he knows what she is doing is false, his inaction allows the situation to deteriorate drastically over a short period of time- the start of his fall. Proctor also has a great fear of being judged by others, especially his wife. He says to Elizabeth: â€Å"I’ll not have your suspicion any more,† to which Elizabeth replies, â€Å"John, if it were not Abigail that you must go to hurt, would you falter now? I think not. † It is evident that what she says is true, but, because of this, Proctor immediately jumps to his own defence, â€Å"I confessed, confessed! Some dream I had must have mistaken you for God that day†. This reveals his resentment for being judged, and his belief that only God has the right to do so. Elizabeth also points out Proctor’s confliction and self doubt, â€Å"I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you,† meaning Proctor is punishing himself for his sins, and channelling his guilt by blaming his wife. In this interaction with Elizabeth we truly see how insecure and weak Proctor is, a far cry from the strong outward appearance he shows to others. His inaction stems from his pride, fear and insecurity, and leads to dire consequences for him and Elizabeth. However, as the play progresses, Proctor goes over a sudden and monumental change. Spurred by the arrest of his wife, the innate defiance in him surfaces and Proctor begins to gain moral courage, becoming committed to freeing his wife. Only in the absence of Elizabeth does John discover purpose and tenacity to do what he has to. He is not yet at the point where he can admit his affair openly to stop Abigail, but he begins to see the extent of the hysteria through Mary Warren and resolves to stop it with the aid of Mary Warren, â€Å"All our old pretence is ripped away-make your peace with it! † He must now contend with Mary’s weak nature, and it is ironic that at the moment of gaining new strength, he must help Mary overcome her weaknesses and fears. Proctor is still scared for his reputation, but the arrest of Elizabeth is the catalyst of his future development.

Releasing Protected Health Information Essay Example

Releasing Protected Health Information Essay Example Releasing Protected Health Information Essay Releasing Protected Health Information Essay Releasing Protected Health Information By Tracy 11/28/2010 The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability act of 1996 also known as HIPAA is a federal law that was put in place to protect private health care information. The HIPAA law also regulates how private health care information can be released and who it can be released too. Any violation of HIPAA can result in termination, fines and even jail time, this is why it is important for health care providers to understand and follow these regulations. In some cases protected health care information can be released to parties other than the patient, in this essay I will cover when patients consent is and is not required to release information to government agencies, legal agencies or representatives and research groups. Providers must obtain the patients authorization to disclose private health care information to government agencies, except when it is required according to HIPAA guidelines. Government agencies like the Department of Social Services and the Bureau of Disability Determinations must provide patients authorization to release their private health care information. In some cases information can be released without the patients consent if it is ordered by court, is required by law for public health officials and to insurers as necessary to pay for health care cost. I believe that these regulations protect private health care information adequately because the patient must consent to release information unless it is required by law or is needed for payment of the patients health care cost. Providers are able to release private health care information for research purposes as long as the information contains no identification such as name, address, numbers, and relatives and so on. I believe that these regulations protect private health care information adequately because the medical information can be used for research purposes but the patient can not be identified. Law enforcement purposes also do not require the patients consent to disclose private health care information. I believe that these regulations protect private health care information adequately because the information is only released on an as needed bases for law enforcement purposes, this can help law enforcement agencies catch criminals and solve cases. Protecting patient’s information is important to prevent health care fraud and abuse and to protect not only the patient but the provider. Releasing private health care information is punishable by law so it is important for health care providers to understand when it is acceptable to release information and when it is not.

Make a professional impression as an introvert

Make a professional impression as an introvert These days, simply showing up to work and doing a good job is unfortunately not enough to succeed in the work world. If you want to build a successful career, it’s important to create a personal brand that defines you professionally. Then, you have to sell yourself. It’s a lot, right? And the trouble is, if you think of yourself as an introvert, you really hate putting yourself out there like that. You’d rather hide your light under your bushel and stay under your comfy little rock and have it all happen for you. Never fear: it’s possible to set yourself up with a great brand without making yourself feel super awkward- even if you’re super introverted. Read on to find out how.Let social media work for you.It doesn’t take any human interaction to set yourself up with killer profiles on all the social media sites. Keep them fresh and up-to-date. Make them representative of your personal style. You can do all this from the comfort of your own co uch, in your pajamas. Then, you can try a few fancy tricks like signing up for Twitter chats or LinkedIn groups to join the most current conversations in your industry and get your name out there.Have a script.If you’re prone to clam up in social situations, have an elevator pitch ready to go that you feel confident and comfortable delivering wherever you need to. But beyond that, you can script more of your social interactions if it helps. Draft a standard greeting or opener that you can turn to whenever you feel awkward in an overwhelming room and practice it until it comes naturally. Maybe it’s just an interesting question you ask every new person you meet, or a succinct summary of your job title and main responsibilities for networking events. Memorizing an intro might feel forced, but at least you’ll have some conversation starters ready so you never feel at a loss for words.Choose your marks.Be strategic- make a game plan ahead of time for networking and o ther work events. How many people do you want to meet? How many contacts do you need to rack up? Then, be more specific about who exactly you want to meet and why. Setting targets for yourself ahead of time can turn the whole thing into a project with an end point. Once you hit your quota and meet your big fish? You can go home!Follow up and stay in touch.Touching base after you’ve met someone is the classy thing for everyone to do, and it’s easy because you don’t need to do it in person. If you felt you made a weird impression on someone, shoot them an email or a note to keep the door open. Many introverts feel at their most charming when behind the screen. Take the time to type out exactly what you wish you had said.Do it your way.If something feels totally uncomfortable, you can only force yourself out of your comfort zone a little bit. If you try to take giant leaps, or to completely go against your instincts, you’ll be miserable and everyone will be able to tell. Realistically, what are your social limits? Define them for yourself. Then, work within them at first. Once you gain a level of comfort at this first level, slowly branch out. Then do it again. Networking and self-promotion are skills you must nurture and grow- if it takes you longer than your extrovert peers, so be it. You’ll get there.

Should Government be Minimised as much as Possible in the Emerging Essay

Should Government be Minimised as much as Possible in the Emerging Markets - Essay Example It includes spending on defense, education, infrastructure projects, and the healthcare sector (Berglof, and Bolton, 2002). The source of money or the finance that is used for public expenditure by the government is mostly from taxation. One of the distinctive features of public spending in emerging markets is the use of social safety nets. According to Chu and Gupta (1998), safety nets basically mean transferring payments that are non- contributory which seek to prevent the people who are vulnerable to poverty and shocks from falling down to a given level of poverty. The providers of the safety nets are the private sector (charities, NGOs), and the public sector (donors and the government). Another distinctive feature seen in the emerging markets is that the distribution of income during the pre-transition period in most Scandinavian countries had a Gini coefficient of 0.25 compared to that of the U. S which stood at 0.4. During the post-transition period, for example, the Gini coefficient was 0.2 in Slovakia and 0.5 in Ukraine (Keane and Prasad, 2000). This can be seen in figure 1 below Poland experienced indeed a substantial rise in inequality of earnings in relation to labor. However social transfers were significant in the mitigation of the shift, and as a result, the increase in inequality of income was moderated. Interestingly, these transfers were mainly targeting individuals who stood a chance to lose more as a result of the transition. The intentions of these individuals were not to be poor but rather to be middle class (Gans, 2011). The figure 2 below shows the income distribution in Poland during the transition period. The figure 3 below shows the overall distribution of income in the emerging markets. The general trend is that in most cases income distribution is normally not balanced among the countries. Analyzing the table found below, what is evident is that income disparity is greater in Russia as compared to Slovakia. Â